The model represents a real system where a salt in the dialysate is removed over time by continuously pumping the dialysate over the dialysis cell. For example, in the figure below, an ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) modeled in 0D is coupled with a 2D model of a dialysis membrane cell using derived variables. In the software, each physics interface defines the equations, dependent variables, and a set of derived variables for the respective physics being simulated. This coupling can be done using variables and derived variables. Although COMSOL Multiphysics ® is not a traditional systems modeling tool, you can model several components and couple them into a systems model. In certain cases where it is either motivated to do so or necessary (which we will address later in the article), you may need to model several components in a system and then couple the models to simulate a part of the system or the whole system. In this article, we discuss how to perform this specific type of multiphysics coupling and direct you to resources that provide further details on how to accomplish this for different scenarios. This type of coupling is one example of the manual approach with user-defined couplings. In COMSOL Multiphysics ®, if you are simulating several components in a system, or a complete model that has submodels, you can manually couple the physics in different model components when needed. Coupling Physics Between Model Components for Multiphysics Models
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