![]() Key words: Phytolith studies, History, South AmericaĪrgentina), during the Upper Paleocene-Eocene?, an important fluvial cycle was developed, whose sediments have been called the Rio Chico Group. In this same period, phytolith studies contributing to palaeoecological (Amazon basin), phytosociological (Colombian Páramo), limnological (Panamá and Uruguay lagoons), ethnobotanical (Argentina, Uruguay and Colombia) and archaelogical (Ecuador, Perú, Argentina and Uruguay) research subjects have also continued to expand in scope and number. In Argentina, for example, there have been phytolith studies of Tertiary continental sedimentary sequences from San Luis, Quaternary coastal sequences and paleosols from Tandilia range (Buenos Aires), Miocene and Pleistocene marine and continental Neogene sediments from the Paraná and Uruguay basins (Entre Ríos), and well as Paleogene sediments from Patagonia. From 1990 onwards, phytolith research and classification efforts in South America have continued to increase. Around the same time, Andreis, Spalletti, and Mazzoni also reported on phytoliths from Cenozoic sediments in Patagonia. Later, between 19, Hetty Bertoldi de Pomar conducted her initial phytolith studies, which contributed to the morphological classification of silica phytoliths, including the development of systems for the Graminae, Cyperaceae, Equisetaceae, Arecaceae, and Podostemaceae families. Between 19, Joaquín Frenguelli studied, for the first time, the presence of grass silica cells in Argentinian sediments dating from the Tertiary, Quaternary and Holocene epochs. Among these early samples were phytoliths from sediments and fossil-associated limestone from Monte Hermoso (Bahía Blanca), dental samples from a Mastodon (Santa Fe), and plant roots from Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Ehrenberg created the first morphological phytolith classification based on samples of vegetable and animal origin from different areas of the world, many of which came from Charles Darwin’s collection. The first phytolith studies in South America were developed by Ehrenberg in the 19th century. This assemblage represents the first fossil record for this formation. ![]() Its sediments were deposited during an semi-arid interval in typical Lower Pleistocene pampean conditions. The morphological terminology used is explained and these rules are applied to the predominant phytolith morphotypes of the Alvear Formation in their type area, Puerto General Alvear (Diamante department, Entre Ríos). The classification rules to establish a phytolith systematics are outlined, in such a way allowing a precise treatment and delimitation of their ranks according to the botanical nomenclatural code. ![]()
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